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What is Reverse Osmosis Desalination?

Reverse Osmosis Desalination (RO or ROD) is a process that removes large molecules and ions - typically from seawater or acean water, by the application of pressure to the sea water (or ocean water) when it is on one side of a selective "membrane" or filter. The end result is that the large molecules, ions and pollutants are retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and the purified sea water or ocean water is allowed to pass to the other side - normally to the community's citizens.

Reverse Osmosis Desalination is primarily used in a city or community's water supply by desalinating; sea water, ocean water, or the water from lakes, underground aquifers or recharge wells.  The water is desalinated by reverse osmosis by removing the large molecules, ions, salts and other contaminants from the water molecules. 

The Reverse Osmosis Desalination process is very similar to "membrane filtration" except that there are significant differences between reverse osmosis desalination and membrane filtration. The primary removal mechanism in membrane filtration is straining, or "size exclusion" which can - in theory - achieve perfect exclusion of the particles (pollutants) regardless of operational parameters such as influent pressure and concentration. Reverse osmosis desalination involves a diffusive mechanism so that separation efficiency is dependent on the solute concentration, pressure and water flux rate.

In a city or community's Reverse Osmosis Desalination plant, the sea water (or water from other sources) first enters the membrane filters or cartridge filters which removes the pollutants and particulate matter. From there, the water is pressurized to approximately 1,000 pounds per square inch. The high pressure forces some of the water in through the reverse osmosis membranes and is commonly referred to as desalinated or RO water - or simply "product" - is sent to the city or community's water mains and water towers for use by the community.  The remainder of the water is rejected as brine and normally disposed in an underground injection well.

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Other related sites include:

Ocean Water Desalination
www.OceanWaterDesalination.com

Sea Water Reverse Osmosis
www.SeaWaterReverseOsmosis.com

Sea Water Desalination
www.Seawater-Desalination.com

Sea Water Desalination
www.SeaWaterDesalination.org